Singapore International Airlines

Substance COVER LETTER4 1PROSPECTS OF ECONOMY5 1. 1Global Financial Crisis5 1. 2Oil Prices5 2PROSPECT OF AIRLINE INDUSTRY5 2. 1General Trend of the Airline Industry5 2. 2Analysis of intensity of industry6 3VALUE CHAIN7 3. 1Training of Pilots/Cabin team/Ground dealing with staff7 3. 2Branding and publicity7 3. 3Reservations and Ticketing7 3. 4Ground Operations7 3. 5In-flight Services8 3. 6Aircraft Operations8 3. 7Fleet Management and maintenance8 3. 8Customers8 4SINGAPORE AIRLINE’S COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE8 4. 1The 4 segments of SIA’s serious strategy8 5FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS9 5. Working Performance Analysis9 5. 2Liquidity Analysis10 5. 3Solvency Analysis10 5. 4Profitability Analysis10 5. 5Stock Prices Analysis11 5. 6Comparison with Industry Average11 6SINGAPORE AIRLINES’ NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE11 6. 1Learning and Growth11 6. 3 Internal Processes12 7RECOMMENDATIONS12 8APPENDIX13 9REFERENCES32 Cover Letter To: Ms Leo, CEO From: Investment Team Subject: Investm ent Report †Singapore Airlines Ltd This report contains an investigation of Singapore Airlines Ltd (SIA) with reaction to your inquiry on attractive quality of making a genuinely huge medium-to-long haul interest in the portions of SIA. Right off the bat, an examination of the possibilities of the carrier business which SIA works in would be given to build up a superior comprehension of the business condition. The present condition of economy will likewise be one of the features as it is maybe probably the greatest worry among financial specialists. Next, the company’s esteem chain and serious techniques would likewise be introduced and dissected to legitimize if SIA can continue its development in spite of various overall difficulties, for example, the budgetary emergency and high oil costs. What's more, an investigation of the company’s past fiscal reports and particularly for the year 2007/08 would be introduced to dissect the benefit and nature of profit. For an increasingly comprehensive methodology, examination of the organization and industry utilizing non-money related execution measures would likewise be utilized to address issues where monetary measures are inadequately enlightening. Examinations with the business and principle contenders will likewise be made en route to show how they charge and if the stock cost can possibly develop among hardened rivalry in the aircraft business. Ultimately, suggestions on the allure of the venture would be given on our stand dependent on our examination. 1Prospects of Economy 1. 1Global Financial Crisis The world’s economy is as of now confronting one of the most exceedingly terrible money related dangers since the time the Great Depression in 1929. Death of US banks, for example, Lehman Brothers were because of enormous corporate obligation default which made them bring about a huge impedance misfortune. This tight credit crunch caused the ruin of the worldwide financial exchange with frightful speculators pulling back their ventures. Because of the bleak viewpoint of the overall economy, confirmation was given by the G7 as they report to divulge a 5-direct arrangement toward counter the emergency and to settle the budgetary market. 1. 2Oil Prices The carrier business was definitely hit by the soaring of flight fuel costs for as far back as one year , driving numerous organizations to build air ticket costs to cover the expanded use. Consumption is quickening at a quicker rate than income; consequently this has caused numerous aircraft organizations to endure a misfortune in working benefit. In any case, container normal unrefined petroleum costs has been on a declining pattern. â€Å"Prices fell $18. 1/b or over 14% in August, declining pointedly from the record levels came to in July,† as per OPEC Monthly Oil Market Report September 2008. 2Prospect of Airline Industry 2. 1General Trend of the Airline Industry The present circumstance in the aircraft business stays grim. It is brought about by a blend of d ebilitating traveler request, especially in the First and Business Classes, and the current dubious worldwide financial viewpoint. Payload request has additionally plunged, with a 6. 5% drop sought after for Asia-Pacific transporters in July 2008. Be that as it may, SIA has had the option to envision changes and keep on breaking new grounds. The acquirement of A380 Airbus has helped SIA accomplish considerable cost investment funds. Also, change of five Airbus A340-500 airplane into an All-Business Class set-up, and continually guaranteeing that limit best matches SIA’s request , have end up being productive for SIA alone in spite of the general debilitating traveler request. 2. 2Analysis of intensity of industry Since SIA’s generally speaking productivity is to a great extent impacted by the nearness of rivalry, we have utilized Porter’s Model of Five Forces to break down the seriousness of the business. Dangers of substitutes Throughout the years, the carrier business has gotten progressively serious with section of new contenders, for example, spending aircrafts. Thusly, a few travelers are deciding to fly spending carriers for short voyaging separations. Consequently, request from clients are turning out to be moderately value versatile, compelling a few firms to bring down their costs so as to remain serious. Purchaser Bargaining Power Buyer bartering power is expanding because of the value straightforwardness worries of clients, as they can pick which aircraft to take. In any case, on the business level, haggling power is low. Provider Bargaining Power Provider haggling power in the carrier business is high as the information required (airplane, aeronautics fuel) is exceptional and there are no comparable substitutes accessible. Contention among existing players The power of rivalry among carriers has expanded generously throughout the years as firms are narrowing the hole of the administration quality and on board conveniences. This has prompted expanding accentuation in viable cost the executives for firms. Danger of Entry There are considerable hindrances to section for the business because of the high beginning fixed cost and restrictive expertise. In any case, the passage of spending carriers presents potential dangers to the current players. Numerous organizations have reacted by purchasing partakes in firms of spending carriers. 3Value Chain 3. 1Training of Pilots/Cabin group/Ground dealing with staff SIA’s places incredible accentuation in preparing by ceaselessly sending its representatives for exhaustive and thorough preparing. To introduce simply the best assistance, SIA likewise forces tough determination trial of representatives at the enlistment stage. 3. 2Branding and exposure SIA’s spending on promoting has been static over the ongoing years. As of late, TBWA supplanted Batey organization which advanced the famous Singapore Girl . SIA receives a worldwide way to deal with promoting in the global media, keeping the Singapore Girl symbol as its portrayal of top notch administration. 3. 3Reservations and Ticketing SIA’s site permits flight schedule downloads for contraptions, for example, pocket PCs and palm best and synchronizes the information when it is revised. SIA’s tagging workplaces are situated in more than 70 nations and it works 24 hour phone reservations and administration call focuses to support its clients. The utilization of interline e-tagging permits ticket data to be put away in SIA’s made sure about database and shared among carriers on the customer’s agenda. 3. 4Ground Operations SATS handles all ground activities which incorporates things/airfreight taking care of and cover administrations. Innovation, for example, Internet registration, biometric checks and downtown registration administrations are instilled to accelerate preparing time. The use of Fully Automated Seamless Travel (FAST) incorporates three procedures including aircraft registration, pre-movement security checks and migration freedom. SIA’s reliability clients likewise have the benefit of need registration and getting a charge out of restrictive offices at its parlors. 3. 5In-flight Services Its in-trip on-request theater setup has over a thousand interest choices and office programming for travelers. Likewise, SIA additionally coordinated the full size ‘space-bed’, on-board email and internet providers in its First and Business classes. 3. 6Aircraft Operations SIA flies straightforwardly to 66 goals and has as of late expanded trips to increasingly famous goals. SIA has changed its lodges to full business class seating for its SG-NY flights and will do likewise for its SG-LA Flights. . 7Fleet Management and support SIA keeps up youthful armadas of traveler and load planes. These eco-friendly planes are on the normal age of 6-7yrs. It leases 34 out of its 126 airplane on an understanding of range 4. 7-10. 5 years with choices to sub-rent. SIAEC has additionally joined Airbus’ Maintenance Training Network, giving it access to Airbus’ most recent preparing strategies. 3. 8Customers SIA’s KrisFlyer client maintenance conspire has been viable to date and it presently centers around administrations for rich and business explorers, related to the PPS club . Singapore Airline’s Competitive Advantage Through the worth chain examination with contenders, SIA has accomplished both separation and minimal effort systems in its tasks and stands apart as an innovator in the business. 4. 1The 4 segments of SIA’s serious methodology 4. 1. 1Rigorous help plan, improvement and persistent advancement SIA’s administration improvement office continually examines for and tries out new developments. It utilizes the concentrated advancement approach which includes three-advance procedures. The compelling input channel assists with guaranteeing that any helpful proposals are embraced. Workers are likewise sent on ‘spy flights’ on competitor’s planes to report their discoveries . SIA’s nonstop advancement bolsters cost viability and it moves this edge to its clients. A few models are upgrades in seat and screen size, just as in-flight benefits, which analyzes well to its rivals . 4. 1. 2Profit and cost-cutting mindset of workers SIA’s e

Londan underground free essay sample

TheLondon Undergroundis a cylinder framework working a major part of Greater London and neighboring nations of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire in the UK. It is the universe s most established subterranean railroad. It was other than the primary subterranean railroad to run electric trains. It is typically alluded to as the Undergroundor the Tube # 8212 ; the last deduction from the type of the framework s profound bore burrows # 8212 ; albeit around 55 % of the web is above land. The prior lines of the current London Underground web, which were worked by grouped privately owned businesses, became part of a coordinated movement framework ( which prohibited the central line railways ) in 1933 with the inventive action of the London Passenger Transport Board ( LPTB ) , all the more ordinarily known by its abbreviated name: London Transport . The subterranean web turned into an individual substance when London Underground Limited ( LUL ) was framed by the UK experts in 1985. Since 2003 LUL has been an altogether claimed subordinate of Transport for London ( TfL ) , the legal partnership answerable for most features of the movement framework in Greater London, which is controlled by a board and a magistrate delegated by the Mayor of London. The Underground has 270 Stationss and around 400 kilometers ( 250 detail mis ) of way, doing it the longest cylinder framework known to man by way length, [ 6 ]and one of the most served in footings of Stationss. In 2007, more than one billion rider ventures were recorded. The tubing map, with its ordinary non-geological format and shading coded lines, is viewed as a structure definitive, and numerous other transport maps worldwide have been impacted by it. History Boss article: History of the London Underground Railroad working in the United Kingdom started in the mid nineteenth century. By 1854 six separate railroad terminuss had been fabricated only outside the Center of London: London Bridge, Euston, Paddington, King s Cross, Bishopsgate and Waterloo. Now, just Fenchurch Street Station was situated in the existent City of London. Traffic clog in the city and the environing nations had expanded essentially in this period, halfway because of the interest for rail voyagers to complete their excursions into the city Center by course. The idea of building a subterranean railroad to connect the City of London with the mainline terminuss had premier been proposed during the 1830s, however it was non until the 1850s that the idea was taken truly as an answer for the traffic clog employments. The principal obstruction rail routes The primary opposition railways In 1854 an Act of Parliament was passed O.K.ing the structure of a subterranean railroad between Paddington Station and Farringdon Street through King s Cross which was to be known as the Metropolitan Railway. The Great Western Railway ( GWR ) gave financial reinforcement to the endeavor when it was concurred that an intersection would be constructed connecting the subterranean railroad with their mainline end point at Paddington. GWR other than consented to design specific trains for the new subterraneous railroad. Development was postponed for a few mature ages because of a shortfall of financess. The way that this endeavor got under way at all was generally because of the campaigning of Charles Pearson, who was Solicitor to the City of London Corporation at the clasp. Pearson had bolstered the idea of a subterranean railroad in London for a few mature ages. He supported projects for the obliteration of the unhygienic ghettos which would be traded by new alteration for their occupants in suburbia, with the new railroad providing travel to their topographic purposes of work in the city Center. Despite the fact that he was neer straight engaged with the running of the Metropolitan Railway, he is generally credited as being one of the main genuine visionaries behind the develop of subterranean railways. What's more, in 1859 it was Pearson who convinced the City of London Corporation to help finance the methodology. Work in the long run started in February 1860, under the direction of head applied researcher John Fowler. Pearson kicked the bucket before the work was finished. The Metropolitan Railway opened on 10 January 1863. [ 4 ]Within a couple of long periods of opening it was moving more than 26,000 riders a twenty-four hours. [ 8 ]The Hammersmith and City Railway was opened on 13 June 1864 among Hammersmith and Paddington. Administrations were abdominal muscle initio worked by GWR among Hammersmith and Farringdon Street. By April 1865 the Metropolitan had assumed control over the administration. On 23 December 1865 the Metropolitan s eastern augmentation to Moorgate Street opened. Later in the decennary different developments were opened to Swiss Cottage, South Kensington and Addison Road, Kensington ( now known as Kensington Olympia ) . The railroad had stomach muscle initio been twofold gage, leting for the utilization of GWR s signature wide gage turn overing stock and the more broadly utilized standard gage stock. Conflicts with GWR had constrained the Metropolitan to trade to standard gage in 1863 after GWR pulled back the entirety of its stock from the railroad. These distinctions were thusly fixed up, by the by wide gage was completely pulled back from the railroad in March 1869. On 24 December 1868, the Metropolitan District Railway started runing administrations between South Kensington and Westminster using Metropolitan Railway trains and traveler vehicles. The organization, which in a matter of seconds got known as the District , was first fused in 1864 to complete an Inner Circle railroad around London in simultaneousness with the Metropolitan. This was segment of a program to develop both an Inner Circle line and Outer Circle line around London. A fierce rivalry in no time created between the District and the Metropolitan. This seriously deferred the finish of the Inner Circle undertaking as the two organizations contended to develop unquestionably more monetarily moneymaking railways in suburbia of London. The London and North Western Railway ( LNWR ) started running their Outer Circle administration from Broad Street through Willesden Junction, Addison Road and Earl s Court to Mansion House in 1872. The Inner Circle was non finished until 1884, with the Metropolitan and the District together running administrations. Then, the District had completed its way between West Brompton and Blackfriars in 1870, with an exchange with the Metropolitan at South Kensington. In 1877, it started running its ain administrations from Hammersmith to Richmond, on a line which had initially opened by the London A ; South Western Railway ( LSWR ) in 1869. The District so opened another line from Turnham Green to Ealing in 1879 [ 9 ]and stretch ed out its West Brompton development to Fulham in 1880. Over a similar decennary the Metropolitan was reached out to Harrow-on-the-Hill station in the north-west. The early passages were burrowed mainly using cut-and-spread structure techniques. This caused across the board break and required the decimation of a few belongingss on a superficial level. The primary trains were steam-pulled, which required efficacious airing to the surface. Ventilation shafts at grouped focuses on the way permitted the motors to toss out steam and pass on outside air into the passages. One such blowhole is at Leinster Gardens, W2. [ 10 ]In request to proceed with the visual highlights in what is as yet an agreeable road, a five-foot-thick ( 1.5 m ) solid fa # 231 ; organic product drink was developed to look like an echt house facing. On 7 December 1869 the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway ( LB A ; SCR ) began runing a help among Wapping and New Cross Gate on the East London Railway ( ELR ) using the Thames Tunnel structured by Marc Brunel, who planned the radical burrowing shield strategy which made its structure non simply conceivable, yet more secure, and finished by his kid Isambard Kingdom Brunel. This had opened in 1843 as a mundane passage, however in 1865 it was bought by the ELR ( a pool of six railroad organizations: the Great Eastern Railway ( GER ) ; London, Brighton and South Coast Railway ( LB A ; SCR ) ; London, Chatham and Dover Railway ( LCDR ) ; South Eastern Railway ( SER ) ; Metropolitan Railway ; and the Metropolitan District Railway ) and changed over into a railroad burrow. In 1884 the District and the Metropolitan started to run benefits on the line. By the terminal of the 1880s, subterranean railways came to Chesham on the Metropolitan, Hounslow, Wimbledon and Whitechapel on the District and New Cross on the East London Railway. By the terminal of the nineteenth century, the Metropolitan had expanded its lines far outside of London to Aylesbury, Verney Junction and Brill, making new rural areas along the way # 8212 ; hence exposed by the organization as Metro-land. Until the 1930s the organization kept up desires to be considered as a central line rather than a urban railroad. The main tubing lines The primary tubing lines Following progresss in the use of tunneling shields, electric hold and profound level passage structures, accordingly railways were constructed much further underground. This caused considerably less break at land degree and it was thus less expensive and liked to the cut-and-spread structure technique. The City A ; South London Railway ( C A ; SLR, presently bit of the Northern Line ) opened in 1890, among Stockwell and the now shut unique end point at King William Street. It was the principal profound level electrically worked railroad known to man. By 1900 it had been stretched out at the two terminals, to Clapham Common in the South and Moorgate Street ( by means of an entertainment ) in the North. The second such railroad, the Waterloo and City Railway, opened in 1898. It was assembled and run by the London and South Western Railway. On 30 July 1900 the Central London Railway ( now known as the Central Line ) was opened, runing administrations from Bank to Shepherd s Bush. It was nicknamed the Twopenny Tube for its level menu and tube shaped passages ; the tubing moniker was at long last moved to the Undergr

Comparison Essay

Both of Emily Dickinson’s sonnets are about death. â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Love† is more about the pattern of life than death. â€Å"I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died† identifies with the last second before death. Emily Dickinson’s sonnets are both fixated on death; â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† is based more around energetic and upbeat scenes, as where â€Å"I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died† discusses the readiness before death. Albeit the two sonnets have totally different importance, the two sonnets both spotlight on the completion of life. In the last line of â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† Emily Dickinson says were toward time everlasting. In Dickinson’s second sonnet it says, presently she trusts that the ruler will come. In the main sonnet Dickinson alludes to time everlasting importance after death living for eternity. In the subsequent sonnet trusting that the lord will come identifies with the finish of presence, when the ruler returns to take all of us. In â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† has a glad completion and is an exceptionally engaging sonnet. Dickinson depicts a young lady being gotten in a carriage for all of life’s ventures. Where Dickinson’s second sonnet was a genuine sonnet, depicting the development directly before death. She specifies the tranquility noticeable all around, and breath-assembling firm. One sonnet is very inspiring and, the other is intense. These sonnets at last have a similar importance, yet both investigate passing. The primary sonnet contains the procedure of life before death, and how she is working for a fresh start. Dickinson’s second sonnet discusses her passing being the finish of everything, Dickinson even notices rotting in the grave. The principal sonnet has an uplifting point of view toward death, and the second depicts a harsh end to life.

Oedipus Rex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oedipus Rex - Essay Example Be that as it may, as it is uncovered in the finishing up some portion of the play a few obligations are essential, and even the enthusiasm of the state and its laws are compliant to it. The obligation to cover the dead concerns humankind and it has nothing to do with the current law or governing by any power. It is the ethical obligation that gets authority from the unrecorded law. The Parameters of Free Will is another topic that is a piece of the play. Tiresias predicts the capture of one who is both dad and sibling to his own youngsters. Oedipus uncovers to Jocasta of a prescience he came to know as an adolescent, that he would slaughter his dad and lay down with his mom, and Jocasta tells Oedipus of an indistinguishable prediction given to Laius, that her child would grow up to murder his dad. Oedipus and Jocasta go into conversation about the degree to which predictions ought to be depended upon by any stretch of the imagination, and when the entirety of the predictions work out as expected, apparently one of Sophocles’ points is to protect the forces of the divine beings and prophets. In the play Oedipus has no other alternative yet to satisfy the prediction. Destiny ceaselessly overwhelms him. Oedipus’s Swollen Foot is a case of imagery in the play. Oedipus was left in the mountains with his lower legs caught together and Laius had surrendered him in that state on a forlorn mountain not long after he was conceived. Oedipus holds on for this injury for a mind-blowing remainder and the scar is the marker for the predicament experienced by him. His physical issue represented the way wherein destiny managed him and his developments were limited since birth. That was Apollo’s prescience to Laius. The Junction of Three-Roads: Jocasta makes reference to about where Laius is killed, where three streets converge. This junction is referenced frequently throughout the play and it represents pivotal snapshots of the play. Emblematically, a junction is where a choice must be made about the way to

The Quakers APUSH Topics to Study for Test Day

Quakerism is more than a type of Christianity. Its popularity rose in the United States at a particular moment in time, and the Quakers have been making an impact on U.S. history ever since. Keep reading to get an overview of this group, their historical context, and their significance in U.S. history for the APUSH exam. What is Quakerism? This blog post is not entirely about theology (the study of religion). Some theological points will be necessary in order to understand historical importance, but I am not a theologian, nor is the APUSH exam about doctrine (the rules and texts of a particular religion). With that in mind, I will provide a brief overview about the beliefs of Quakers. Quakerism (also known as the Society of Friends) began in England, much the same as Puritanism. Quakers found religious refuge in the colonies from the authoritarian rule of the Anglican Church; but the rise in Quakerism’s popularity in New England was not met kindly by Puritans. Puritans believed that the Quakers were unorthodox: unlike the hierarchical Puritans, Quakers believed that they could – and should – have a direct access to God. This was only some of the Puritan orthodoxy that Quakers shunned, and these tensions rose to a violent pitch. In 1656, several women preachers in the Quaker tradition began to preach and convert individuals to Quakerism in Maryland and Massachusetts. The Puritan leaders of Massachusetts violently persecuted these Quakers, putting four of them to death by 1661. Eventually, Quakers would have a colony of their own in Pennsylvania (charted by William Penn). Penn was especially interested in governing Pennsylvania under Quaker ideals, specifically pacifism and religious tolerance. Portrait of William Penn. What impact did the Quakers have on U.S. history? One of the biggest impacts Quakers had on U.S. history was in the abolition movement against slavery. In fact, four quakers openly denounced slavery as early as 1688 when they established Germantown in Pennsylvania. In their petition against slavery, several of the Germantown residents argued that the Golden Rule (do unto others as you would have them do unto you) was the moral foundation for abolition and universal human rights. This early antislavery spirit is not to say that Quakers never owned slaves – some did – but the rates of slave ownership were much lower among the Society of Friends than in other religious sects. While abolition was gaining more national attention in the 1820s and 1830s, some Quakers had established aid societies and were actively assisting runaway enslaved individuals through the Underground Railroad. Most notably, Quaker Levi Coffin assisted enslaved people seeking freedom as a child in North Carolina and eventually became President of the Underground Railroad when he moved to Ohio. Because of their pacifism, Quakers were among those who were conscientious objectors to war, a philosophical position that came under ridicule during World War I. One of the most enduring ways that Quakerism has impacted society in the United States is through their Friends Schools. These schools promote Quaker ideals, if not Quaker religious beliefs that have endured for decades. In fact, the desire for education was a foundational philosophy that governed Quakers’ abolitionism and pacifism. What kinds of questions will I be asked on the APUSH exam about the Quakers? Please use the excerpt to answer the multiple choice questions that follow. â€Å"The Slavery which now largely [exists] in the American Colonies, is another mighty evil, which proceeds from the same corrupt root as War; for, however, it may be granted that some, otherwise, well disposed people in different places, particularly in these provincesfell into the practice of buying and keeping Slaves, thro inadvertency, or by the example of others;- yet in the generality it sprang from an unwarrantable defire of gain, a lust, for amassing wealth, and in the pride of their heart, holding an uncontrollable power over their fellow-men. The observation which the Apostle makes on War, may well be applied to those who compelled their fellow-men to become their slaves, they lusted, for wealth and power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  John Wesley, 1774, â€Å"Thoughts upon Slavery† 1. In this excerpt, Wesley argues that slavery exists in the colonies because A. It is a tradition passed on through various generations. B. Slaveowners believe that enslaved people are better off being enslaved. C. Individuals who own slaves are greedy. D. Slavery is ordained and justified by God. You may not receive a question about Quakerism explicitly, but questions regarding abolition more broadly and the views that abolitionists had to confront. â€Å"[T]he condition of the African race throughout all the States where the ancient relation between the two [races] has been retained enjoys a degree of health and comfort which may well compare with that of the laboring population of any country in Christendom; and, it may be added that in no other condition, or in any other age or country, has the Negro race ever attained so high an elevation in morals, intelligence, or civilization.† John C. Calhoun, political leader, 1844 2. Which of the following most directly undermines Calhoun’s assertions? A. Many slaves adopted elements of Christianity. B. Many slaves engaged in forms of resistance to slavery, like running away. C. Abolitionist societies encountered difficulty organizing in Southern states. D. A majority of White Southerners were not slaveholders. Correct Answers: 1. C 2. B .

Duke Law School 2009 Application Tips

Most law schools will ask for a personal statement that reflects who you are and why you want to go to law school. Resist the temptation to make this a one-essay-fits-all-schools personal statement. The more specific you can be about each school, the more interested your admissions readers will be in your application. For Duke, I have put in bold the things to which you need to pay particular attention. My comments are in red. Duke Law’s personal statement: â€Å"Duke seeks to identify applicants who demonstrate leadership and engagement. Most successful candidates show sustained and meaningful commitment to one or more fields of interest to them . The Law School benefits from a student body that represents a broad range of experiences and interests .† â€Å"It is often helpful to indicate reasons for interest in law school in general and Duke in particular, especially when they relate to an applicants specific experiences.† In order for your essay to merit attention, make sure that you focus your answer on the specifics of their question. They are looking for an incoming class that is made up of more than the top 10% of every undergraduate university. Take this opportunity to show the admissions committee who you really are. Your numbers are already out there, so no point in mentioning them in your essay. Talk about your passions, how you spend your free time, your relationship with your large extended family, or whatever else about you demonstrates the niche you have carved out for yourself in the world. Make sure you are clear about why you want to go to law school and what you intend to do when you graduate. Be very specific why Duke is on your short list. Tie it back to the main theme of your essay. Duke’s additional essay: â€Å"You may submit a Duke-specific essay by letting us know why you want to go to law school and why you have decided to apply to Duke.† Many wonderful personal statements do not focus so much on why law as they do on the personality and life experiences of the writer. If this is the case, and your personal statement only touches on the reasons why you want to become an attorney and get your education at Duke, then grab this opportunity to tell the adcom more about why, and specifically why Duke. If you have already discussed why law and why Duke at length in your personal statement, you may want to use this opportunity to talk about Duke’s second suggestion for the optional essay. â€Å"Or, you may choose to submit an essay that describes how you will enhance the educational environment of the Law School and contribute to the diversity of the student body. If you choose to submit the diversity essay, tell us more about your particular life experiences with an emphasis on how the perspectives that you have acquired would contribute to the intellectual community of the Law School.† This essay should dovetail with your personal statement. You do not want to reiterate what is already in your personal statement, but you do want them to tie together. If you have devoted your personal statement to why you want to go to law school, and Duke in particular, use the optional essay to give the ad com a real sense of who you are. Be detailed, specific, and genuine. There is something about everyone that is â€Å"diverse.† You cannot imagine how exhausting it is to read generic, one size fits everybody personal statements and essays until you have read a stack of applications to law school. Everyone has a story to tell – make yours come to life. Resume: â€Å"The resume is an important part of your application and it will be reviewed to learn of the extracurricular, political and community activities, and jobs you have performed. Your resume should include your full name at the top and list all honors and awards you have received. Include dates for all items listed on your resume. There is no required length.† So here is where you get to list every single thing you want the adcom to know about you. Which means that in your essays, you DO NOT need to list every single thing you want them to know. Awards should be listed on your resume, but not necessarily in your personal statement. Same for employment, volunteer work, etc. Your resume reveals facts; your essays present personality and, perspective in a snapshot format.

The Restoration of Moral Order in Hamlet - 1683 Words

The Restoration of Moral Order in Hamlet The fabric of every society relies on a set of laws, morals and ethics. When these aspects of a good society are corrupted, disorder ensues. A play which examines the result of a corrupted state is William Shakespeares play Hamlet. The audience immediately witnesses the corrupted nature of the play when early on in the story a character observes, Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.(1.4. 99) In the Elizabethan era it was believed the king was directly appointed by God. This is known as the divine right of kings. When the divine order of kings is broken by unlawful means, the natural order is ruined, and this leads to a state if corruption. The moral order is upset when the king, Old†¦show more content†¦Upon taking over Denmark, Fortinbras ensures that Hamlets honorability is recognized, by giving him a royal burial. Once noticing that Hamlet dead, Fortinbras instructs, Let four captains Bear Hamlet like a soldiers to the stage, For he was likely, had he been put on, To have proved most royally. And for his passage, The soldiers music and the rites of war Speak loudly for him. (5. 2. 419-424) A proper burial is significant because Hamlet is recognized as a hero, rather then an insane killer. The audience feels pathos for Hamlet because of all the struggles he has been through, and also because it seems as if everyone was plotting against him. The audience feels relieved that Hamlet, who is one of the only good characters, is remembered as a hero, rather then forgotten by Fortinbras. Therefore Justice for the audience is served because Hamlet is given a royal burial at the conclusion of the play, and is remembered as a hero. This leads to moral order further being resorted in the play. In order for justice to be fully served, not only must the audience get what they want, but also justice must be served in the play, amongst the character. Therefore all the evil, and corrupted characters must be brought to justice for the wrongful deeds that they carried out throughout the play. In the final duel scene, justice is finally complete when Claudius is poisoned by Hamlet. Claudius is the most corrupt, and evil characterShow MoreRelatedThe Human Condition and Ideologies in Hamlet by Willliam Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 Pages Hamlet Texts reflect their context and paradigms but transcendental texts that explore aspects of humanity can resonate through time and remain relevant and accessible to audiences. William Shakespeare’s introspective play, Hamlet, explores the complexity of the human condition by reflecting ideologies such as justice, loyalty and morality. 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Detroit Tops Forbes List Of The Most Dangerous Cities

Detroit tops Forbes list of the Most Dangerous Cities this year for the fifth year in a row. What is encouraging is that the crime rate in the Motor City actually declined last year, despite devestating financial woes that drove Detroit into the biggest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history. Crime affects the people of Detroit and the city’s reputation, employment, income and education. It needs to be contained and reduced to make Detroit prosper and make the lives of the people living there better. Detroit had 316 murders in 2013, a rate of 45 per 100,000 people. That s the highest rate among cities with populations over 100,000. In 2013 Detroit also reported 14,504 violent crimes. That s also the highest per capita rate in the nation, according to the annual report. The total is comprised of rapes, murder, robbery and aggravated assault. The number of homicides peaked in 1974 at 714 and again in 1991 with 615. By the end of 2010, the homicide count fell to 308 for the year with an estimated population of just over 900,000, the lowest count and rate since 1967. However, taken in context by population, Detroit remains as a city with one of the highest rates per capita for homicide in the United States. In April 2008, the city unveiled a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax. Detroit Mayor Dave Bing and Police Chief Chester Logan announced at a pressShow MoreRelatedDetroit Tops Forbes List Of The Most Dangerous Cities1834 Words   |  8 PagesDetroit tops Forbes list of the Most Dangerous Cities this year for the fifth year in a row. What is encouraging is the violent crime rate in the Motor City actually declined last year, despite crushing financial woes that drove Detroit into the biggest municipal bankr uptcy in U.S. history. Crime affects the people of Detroit and the city’s reputation, employment, income and education. It should be stopped to make Detroit prosper and make the lives of the people living there better. Detroit hadRead MoreDetroit Tops Forbes List Of The Most Dangerous Cities1834 Words   |  8 PagesDetroit tops Forbes list of the Most Dangerous Cities this year for the fifth year in a row. What is encouraging is the violent crime rate in the Motor City actually declined last year, despite crushing financial woes that drove Detroit into the biggest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history. Crime affects the people of Detroit and the city’s reputation, employment, income and education. It should be stopped to make Detroit prosper and make the lives of the people living there better. Detroit hadRead MoreDevelopment of the world without religion1640 Words   |  7 Pagesand inexperienced individual. 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The ‘full story’ that follows this summary gives you considerable detail about how to go about a case analysis, but for now here is a brief account. Before we start, a word about attitude – make it a real exercise Detroit Tops Forbes List Of The Most Dangerous Cities Detroit tops Forbes list of the Most Dangerous Cities this year for the fifth year in a row. What is encouraging is the violent crime rate in the Motor City actually declined last year, despite crushing financial woes that drove Detroit into the biggest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history. Crime affects the people of Detroit and the city’s reputation, employment, income and education. It should be stopped to make Detroit prosper and make the lives of the people living there better. Detroit had 316 murders in 2013, a rate of 45 per 100,000 people. That s the highest rate among cities with populations over 100,000. In 2013 Detroit also reported 14,504 violent crimes. That s also the highest per capita rate in the nation, according to the annual report. The total is comprised of rapes, murder, robbery and aggravated assault. The number of homicides peaked in 1974 at 714 and again in 1991 with 615. By the end of 2010, the homicide count fell to 308 for the year with an estimated population of just over 900,000, the lowest count and rate since 1967. However, taken in context by population, Detroit remains as a city with one of the highest rates per capita for homicide in the United States. In April 2008, the city unveiled a $300-million stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax. Detroit Mayor Dave Bing and Police Chief Chester Logan announced at a press conference. â€Å"We’ve justShow MoreRelatedDetroit Tops Forbes List Of The Most Dangerous Cities1805 Words   |  8 PagesDetroit tops Forbes list of the Most Dangerous Cities this year for the fifth year in a row. What is encouraging is that the crime rate in the Motor City actually declined last year, despite devestating financial woes that drove De troit into the biggest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history. Crime affects the people of Detroit and the city’s reputation, employment, income and education. It needs to be contained and reduced to make Detroit prosper and make the lives of the people living there betterRead MoreDetroit Tops Forbes List Of The Most Dangerous Cities1834 Words   |  8 PagesDetroit tops Forbes list of the Most Dangerous Cities this year for the fifth year in a row. 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When we see cities collapse and metropolises collapse we are all of the sudden in shock and become a frightenedRead MoreBlack Friday Research Paper3205 Words   |  13 Pageshad. I personally experience the 2012 Black Friday at Wal-Mart, and I do have to say that this year was better than any other. My husband I arrived at Wal-Mart around 6:45 and started a nice stroll through the aisles as we went through are discussed list of items we wanted to purchase. It did seem very calming, before the storm. I stood in line for our big ticket item which was the Nook that was on sale. As I stood in line for the Nook my husband ventured off to stand in a different line to receiveRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagestopics as organized in typical marketing texts. With most cases it is not possible to truly compartmentalize the mistake or success to merely one topic. The patterns of success or failure tend to be more pervasive. 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Private Security and Critical Infrastructure Assets Essay

The private security and law enforcement officer as well the FBI function and responsibilities have tightened after the 9/11 attacked. Private security officers are undergoing more advanced training from latest technology system to protect the nation to terrorism to be prepared and ready in any event that might come along the way like the 9/11 attacked. After the disastrous event of the 9/11 attack numerous companies and group of people obligate themselves a thorough investigation and evaluation. Security companies are more watchful and alert doing total criminal screening that includes background checks, financial check, criminal records and fingerprinting on potential employees and so total background checks on agency and essential plan†¦show more content†¦The private security and personnel should always anticipate faster action in dealing terrorism because they are the one that most well through and the quality and trait of private security organization is well concentr ated on the concern area of their task and operation. Not only this private security organization would assist and help charitable institution which needs safeguarding someone in any harm or from robbers and even any act of attacks and mostly helping to hand out relief goods in time of calamity. Not to forget that most of the private security organization would volunteer transportation, transmission, or interaction, gathering of secret information in regards to terrorism, act of teaching techniques in case of any terror events. In my own opinion I should that private security and public law enforcement should have join team work or full effort working together to combat terrorism. There is always big difference between the two groups but the main objective is to prevent any terrorist act to happen in order to protect the nation and its people. The public law enforcement and private security organization should expand and perform and efficient working relationship that will give policy and procedure on the training and sharing of initiatives and reliabilities. Each group should have the means of linking on computers in order to exchanges information for possible terrorism. 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Essay Mentally Ill in Prison - 698 Words

Given the number of incarcerated inmates who suffer from some form of mental illness, there are growing concerns and questions in the medical field about treatment of the mentally ill in the prison system. When a person with a mental illness commits a crime or break the law, they are immediately taken to jail or sent off to prison instead of being evaluated and placed in a hospital or other mental health facility. â€Å"I have always wondered if the number of mentally ill inmates increased since deinstitutionalization† Since prison main focus is on the crimes inmates are incarcerated; the actual treatment needed for the mentally ill is secondary. Mentally ill prisoners on the surface may appear to be just difficult inmates depending on the†¦show more content†¦With states closing many of its mental facilities in the communities, there were a lot of people in need of outpatient care who fell through the cracks of the system and ended up in prison. Prison is where many of them died from inadequate treatment. Prisons were suddenly receiving inmates with the following types of mental illnesses: Schizophrenia, bipolar, and deep depressions. These prisons just did not provide these inmates with any medication during their incarceration. Because the community based health services is lacking, and patients aren’t receiving sufficient outpatient care, it makes the effectiveness of deinstitutionalization a serious problem. Without the availability of 24/7 psychiatric services that are well structured, I believe that deinstitutionalization is what is accounting for the increase of the mentally ill inmates in the correctional facility. Incarcerating the Mentally Ill While most people are concerned and want violent offenders punished and thrown in prison (which is a valid concern), it is rare that violent acts are committed by the mentally ill. For those crimes the mentally ill commits, prison may not always be the right answer; instead, proper treatment and rehabilitation would be much better. In general, the statement has always been made that theShow MoreRelatedTreatment Of The Mentally Ill And The Prison System926 Words   |  4 PagesNew Asylums†, the program explored the lives in prison of several Ohio inmates. The presentation presented numerous distinct issues of the treatment of the mentally ill in the prison system. The most significant issues presented within the program were the medical treatment received both in and out of the prison system, factors that influence punishment, isolation and medication, the length of the sentencing the mentally ill receive, and why prisons seem to have become the n ew asylums. One of theRead MoreServing Mentally Ill Prison Populations Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesServing Mentally Ill Prison Populations Kylee L. Radcliffe Argosy University  Abstract [The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don’t use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don’t have to add page breaks. To apply any text style in this document with just a tap, on the HomeRead MoreMentally Ill Prisons And The Death Sentence2084 Words   |  9 PagesMentally Ill Prisons and the Death Sentence Criminals with mental disorders should be held accountable for their actions and receive adequate punishment up to and including the death penalty. If they’re well enough to commit the crime that someone without a mental disorder can commit they should get the same punishment. Inmates with mental disorders are more likely to disrupt day to day prison activity, leading to needing more and more prison guards to keep the order. An estimated 283,000 prisonersRead MoreThe Shutdown Of Public Mental Health1614 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Bureau of Justice Statistics calculated that there were approximately 705,600 mentally ill adults incarcerated in state prisons, 78,800 mentally ill adults incarcerated in federal prisons, and 479,900 mentally ill adults incarcerated in local jails (â€Å"Mentally Ill†). In response to the increase in the number of incarcerations and news stories, people around the nation developed harmful stigmas towards mentally ill people. According to Sarah Glazer’s article entitled Prisoners and Mental IllnessRead MoreThe Death Of Christopher Lopez918 Words   |  4 PagesA lawsuit has been filed over the death of Christopher Lopez who was a diagnosed mentally ill inmate. On March 17, 2013 Lopez died while incarcerated in the San Carlos Correctional Facility. Lopez died on a concrete floor struggling to breathe while guards watched through the food slot to his cell. The reality of it which is why this is beyond frustrating and unacceptable in America is because Lopez s was a schizophrenic. Lopez was given a psychotropic drug to deal with his schizophrenia. LopezRead MoreMental Health Treatment Of Mentally Ill Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesservices to be insufficient for the mentally ill population. Mentally ill individuals were send back to society despite of their prevailing circumstances. The lack of assistance made mentally ill individuals to commit a high percentage of crimes due to their state of mind. Mentally ill ind ividuals who had committed crimes were being incarcerated instead of forcing them to receive mental health treatment. According to Schneider (2008) the percentage of mentally ill entering the Criminal Justice SystemRead MoreCrazy: a Fathers Search Through Americas Mental Healthy Madness - Annotated Bibliography864 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod Annotated Bibliography Doyle, Jim, and Peter Fimrite. 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This paper will examine the links between the prison system’s mentality to punish rather than rehabilitate its prisoners and therefore the lack of mental health care or rehabilitation the prisons provide for inmates with severe mental illnessRead MoreMentally Ill Criminals : Punishment Vs. Treatment1524 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Mentally Ill Criminals : Punishment vs. Treatment When a mentally ill offender is brought before the court, the appointed judge has to make a difficult decision, determining whether treatment or punishment would be more effective in the case. Cases may differ, some may be more deliberate and perplexing while others are straightforward, but more research is needed for cases involving the mentally ill no matter how simple they may seem. Many factors are measured when a mentally ill criminalRead MoreKiana Griffin. 2 May 2017. Rhet 105 – M2. Rehabilitation1618 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant cause of morbidity in prisons across the United States (U.S). Deinstitutionalization of the state’s mental health system has turned prisons into America’s â€Å"new asylums†; it has become a warehouse for the mentally ill. Our U.S prison rehabilitative services are not equipped to provide care and psychological treatment for the mentally ill which allows for these mental illnesses to persist, worsen or even trigger new ones. It can even cause inmates to wind up back in prison upon release for minor offenses

Cosmetic Surgery on Teenagers free essay sample

Even though they show two different sides of plastic surgery they still share some of the same statements of problems such as: which consequences surgery can lead to and which image issues teenagers’ face today. The fact that Diana Zuckerman, The president of the National Research center for Women and Families, appears in both articles makes them look alike in some cases, due to the similar chosen subjects. In text 1 Valerie Ulene emphasizes the issues of the modern world’s view on beauty and unrealistic ideals. These are some the primary problems that she discusses. In her discussion she actually refers to a study that shows no evidence of improved self-esteem after undergoing surgery. Valerie Ulene questions the surgeons, and that is where Dr. John Canedy, president of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, comes in. Dr. John Canedy himself seems to have a critical view on cosmetic procedures among teens as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Cosmetic Surgery on Teenagers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He doesn’t exclude improved self-esteem, but he thinks that the surgeons should select the patients carefully and after long consideration. As I mentioned before text 2, â€Å"Seeking Self-Esteem Through Surgery†, focuses a lot on the beauty and psychological issues such as: celebrity obsession and makeover TV shows. Another person who shares some of the same views is Jean Kilbourne, the co-author of â€Å"So Sexy, So Soon†. He talks about the impossibilities of meeting the standards and values of beauty. Ann Kearney-Cooke, likes to characterize this phenomena as â€Å"an epidemic of low self-esteem among girls†. Diana Zuckerman, which appears in both articles, says that teens often forget or ignore the fact that they aren’t guaranteed a better life afterwards and that’s a big problem. Valerie Ulene engages the readers in several ways. One of the methods she uses in the text is to personalize it by referring to herself and her beauty problems, more specifically her nose. This is something that appears throughout the text. She even mentions her teen daughter: â€Å"With a 14-year-old daughter of my own, I recognize how difficult it can be†. By this she also refers to parents banning teen plastic surgery, and that engages the readers personally. Most people could probably relate to most of the problems Valerie Ulene talks about and has experienced. By choosing such a big issue she gets a lot of readers who are more likely to find the article interesting. Another method of engaging the readers is to strengthen the reliability. She does this by including several experts, who uses facts and creates different views: â€Å"there is really no data to suggest that it improves their overall body image or self-esteem†, as Diana Zuckerman comments. The data doesn’t only support the experts but it also supports the importance of these issues. The debate of banning plastic surgery for teens is an all time debate that keeps reappearing, maybe not much here in Denmark, but other places like Brazil, USA, UK etc. The arguments are mostly the same when it comes to issues like this: on one side banning it would be necessary in some cases; on the other side we live in a modern world where people can be held responsible for their actions. This is also the general view in this case. On one side we’ve got the Australian state of Queensland which finds it necessary to ban plastic surgeries for teens, like Dr. Pete Constantino says: â€Å"If they aren’t old enough to sign their own surgical consent for a medically necessary procedure, then they shouldn’t be able to induce their parent to do for cosmetic surgery†. Teenagers are incapable of making such a big decision at that age. On the other side: is that limiting teenagers’ needs both psychologically and physically? The question is whether the government should decide which values, morals and norms are correct. In this case the best thing is to bane cosmetic surgeries for teenagers. Your body is still developing, and most teenagers aren’t responsible enough to make such big decisions.

Professional Issue of IT for Employees - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theProfessional Issue of IT for Employees. Answer: Employees are not free to leave the usability test as they have agreed to the terms and conditions specified in the contract. In accordance with ACS values, employees expected are expected to have an objective position on their professional work [1]. Leaving the test would violate this value as the employees are bound by the terms of the contract. In this case, an objective stance implies remaining in the team until the usability test is completed and they are no longer bound by the contract. With regards to professionalism, the employees are expected to refrain from action in their role that may negatively impact the image of the IT profession. Leaving the usability test despite having agreed to the terms of the contract is an inappropriate action that tarnishes the image of the IT profession. Employees who leave the usability test without a valid profession devalue ACS and act in an unprofessional way that can affect their professions as testers. Additionally, the employees have to protect professionalism in ICT which implies upholding integrity in their work and adhering to the rules established. Overall, employees cant just leave the usability test as they agreed to work based on terms outlined in their contract. Effective persuasion The speakers starts by recognizing Aborigines as the indigenous people which is a key attention grabber in his speech. This statement is somehow dramatic as it indicates the status accorded to indigenes by the majority White population. In the speech, the speaker emphasizes his link to the audience. His statement focus on the Australian identity which shows that he and the audience have something in common. He further shares an emotional connection with the audience by referring to the crimes committed by whites against the aborigines. His emphasis on the wrongdoings of his predecessors indicates collective guilt of the White population which is key in persuading the audience. The speaker uses ethos and pathos to persuade the audience [2]. His emphasis on the responsibility of the Australian citizens in working together to build the nation appeals to the morals of the audience. He uses on pathos by presenting statements about the suffering that the aborigines have gone through under the settlers which appeals to the emotions of his audience [3]. The two persuasive approaches are effective in delivering the intended message of the speech. Additionally, the speaker concludes with a call to action which reminds his audience of the key points of the system and makes it clear what they should do next. Linguistic devices that advance the speakers argument and the emotions. Various linguistic devices are used in the speech to reinforce the arguments made and appeal to audiences emotions. The devices include emotive language, imperatives, and alliteration. Various statements made in the speech evoke emotive language which attract the audiences attention and arouse strong feelings [4]. For example, the statement, For the pain, suffering and hurt of these stolen generations, their descendants and for their families left behind, we say sorry., raises strong emotions about the atrocities committed against the indigenous people of Australia. Such statements enable the speaker to express regret for the wrongdoings of his predecessors. Imperatives are used in the speech to appeal directly to the audience and ensure the message is delivered in a clear manner [5]. The statement Let us turn this page together: indigenous and non-indigenous Australians is an example of an imperative gives instructions to the audience. Additionally, the speech integrates alliteratio n to reinforce the argument made by the speaker [6]. In the last paragraph of the speech, a similar letter is used to start several words to grab the attention of the audience. Procrastination Procrastination is the behavior of postponing things. People who procrastinate tend to puft off doing something until a future time [7]. An example of procrastination is having three works to do an assignment and waiting until the last day to complete it. As a student, I find myself procrastinating which tends to affect my studies negatively. One procrastination ordeal happened this year, I was to submit an assignment on May. The assignment accounted for about 40% of my total subject marks ate the end of the semester hence it was a big deal. I knew the due date since February had about 3 months to work on the assignment. I wanted to complete it on time but I kept postponing the work until the last week. While I was able to complete the work before the deadline, I did not have the time to review it before submitting. As a result, the assignment was submitted with several errors and earned me a lower score than I expected. Reflective report Time Management Week 1-3 Learning Describe Most of the times, I failed to achieve my deadlines which led to me lag in my coursework. Often, I would submit my assignments after deadline which earned me several warnings. In one lab session, we were given an assignment to write a lab report which was supposed to be delivered at the end of the day. Due to the short deadline given, I had to reorganize my schedule and work with fellow students to complete the assignment. As a result, I was able to complete and deliver the assignment on time. Explore The short deadline given was both good and bad. During that day, I had scheduled to perform some activities but I couldnt due to the pressure of the work. However, the short timeframe forced me to reorganize my schedule and put off unnecessary things in order to have time to work on the assignment. Evaluate From the event, I gained an insight into how I could manage my time. By developing an action plan and schedule, I could complete any assignment or work on time. Instead of waiting until the last deadline, with a plan, I could complete any assignment. Overall, I learned how to manage my time and build an effective schedule. Plan Based on lessons gained from the event, Ill focus on creating a daily schedule that incorporates all necessary things that I have to do. This can help me to achieve most of the things I want irrespective of the timeframe allocated. References Book [7] Burka, J. B., Yuen, L. M. (2008).Procrastination: Why you do it, what to do about it now. Da Capo Press. [4] Macagno, F., Walton, D. (2014).Emotive language in argumentation. Cambridge University Press. [5] Aarts, B. (2013).English syntax and argumentation. Palgrave Macmillan. Journal Article [3] Higgins, C., Walker, R. (2012, September). Ethos, logos, pathos: Strategies of persuasion in social/environmental reports. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 194-208). Elsevier. [2] Shao, Y. (2013). Ethos, logos, pathos: Strategies of persuasion in social/environmental reports.Social and Environmental Accountability Journal,33(3), 179-180. [6] Lindstromberg, S., Boers, F. (2008). The mnemonic effect of noticing alliteration in lexical chunks.Applied Linguistics,29(2), 200-222. E-Journal Article [1] ACS, ACS Code of Professional Conduct, 4 April 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.acs.org.au/.../acs/acs.../ACS%20Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf.

Sigmund Freud’s theory on female sexuality Essay Example

Sigmund Freud’s theory on female sexuality Essay Freud revolutionized modern thinking with his conception and development of female sexuality. His theories about the Oedipus complex are of vital significance in the investigation of neuroses. The idea of infantile sexuality is linked to the effectively determinist approach of psychoanalysis that the past is repeated in the present, even if it is in a distorted form (Roger Horrocks, 2001).The present paper focuses on Freud’s major contribution in development of theory on female sexuality and his views about sexuality and females. Freud never accredited the actual relevancy of his principle of sexual intermediaries that emphasizes the everlasting inter sexual condition of all human beings and that intended to reinstate the traditional sexual binary with a outline of sexual plurality in which each individual is noticeable by a inimitable sexuality. Psychoanalytical theory of Freud depends upon the new conception of sexuality he developed in disagreement to the biological concept ion which were overriding in the nineteenth century. Freud considered sexuality as a general psychical character that comprises the very core of human activity.In developing his theories, Freud put heavy importance on biological development in general and on sexual development in particular. The elucidation of sexual differences plays a vital role in Freudian theory. His major work in advancing psychoanalysis was to be aware of the meaning of early childhood. Freud accentuated the course of psychosexual development through succession of stages focused upon body zones (Morgan 1981, pg: 520). The main rationale of psychoanalysis is not to explain woman figure but to know how she comes into being, how a woman develops out of a child with a bisexual character (Freud, 1933, p. 116).While Freud had an assumption of a perverse polymorphous temperament in every individual.   He eventually evaluated this disposition from the viewpoint of sexuality even though of its unsteadiness that const itutes the aim of the individuals sexual development. Freud formed an instrumentality that incorporated the redefinition of bisexuality as psychical content; a new approach to perversions, the psychic duality of the life and death drives in order to understand aspect of the sexual away from investigation. Furthermore, Freud stated   in Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality in 1924, the thought of drive is the most pertinent and at the same times the most unfinished part of psychoanalytical theory. Before the publication of the Three Essays, Freud initiated to develop a notion of bisexuality as a basic psychical structure common to all humans and independent of any biological substrate opposing to the embryological and anatomical idea of bisexuality as a natural episode. Freud mentioned in his theory that bisexuality is the real psychical basis of heterosexuality and homosexuality, both constitute formations based on the tapering of sexual choice.In view of the fact that unconsci ous bisexuality suggests as existing in a state of latency in all heterosexuals and as a descriptive belief of homosexual object choice, Freud discards the hypothesis of a separate third sex. Freud termed libido which is in psychic life, the sexual drive that marked itself through the mental energy. Freud indicated in Abriss der Psychoanalysew, a text began in1938 that even though the finding of the repressed Oedipus complex was the only achievement of psychoanalysis, it would deserve the claim to categorize this discipline with the important new possessions of humanity. Oedipus complex is best understood in Freudian theory, mainly as the unconscious demonstration that manifests the childs sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex and his resentment to the parent of the same sex. The Oedipus complex emerges at the age of three and five years old, and in   the phallic phase of sexual development described by Freud, which follows the oral and anal phases and is preceding to t he genital phase that begins in puberty. According to Freud, there is no definite analogous between the male and female Oedipus complex.The Oedipus complex develops in the male child at the end with the emergence of the castration complex, that is, the identification by the child that the father figure represents a hindrance to the recognition of his incestuous wishes. He then relinquishes the mother and develops towards an identification with the father that let him to pick up objects different from the mother, but of her same sex. In contrasts to this development in the male child, the Oedipus complex in the female child is turned into possible by her wakefulness of castration, which results in penis envy. The complex is noticed in her desire to have a child by her father. The girl, then, has to give up her mother as an object of the same sex in order to reorient herself toward the desire of the paternal penis. To explain this notion Freud asserted that the libido present from the beginning in both sexes is of a male nature. For Freud, the postulation of this libidinal monism is substantiated by the equivalence between the female refusal of femininity in the form of penis envy and the male resistance against the passive attitude toward other men. He further stated the denial of feminine passivity is embedded in the biological basis of sexuality, which psychoanalysis is unable of altering (Morgan, 1981, pg: 521).Freud focused on the progressive replacement of erotogenic zones in the body by others to predict the decisive development of the sexual drive. He explained that an initially polymorphous sexuality first look for satisfaction orally through sucking at the mothers breast, an object for which other substitutes can later be provided. The infant comes to realize its mother as the first external love object because initially he can not differentiate between self and breast. Afterward Freud would challenged that even before that moment, the child can indulg ence its own body as such an object, going beyond undifferentiated autoeroticism to a egotistical love for the self as such. Because Freud mainly believed on male sexuality as the standard of development, his investigation of third phase aroused substantial resistance, due to his declaration that its major concern is castration anxiety. To understand this concept of fear meant by Freud, it is essential to comprehend one of his innermost contentions. It has been stated that the death of Freuds father created shock that allowed him to look into his own psyche. He speculates that every male child has a desire to sleep with his mother and remove the obstruction to the realization of that wish, his father. He later called the Oedipus complex which presents the child with a decisive problem, for the unrealizable longing at its root aggravates an imagined response on the part of the father that is the danger of castration. If the Oedipus complex associated with castration anxiety is being resolved then the phallic stage can only be successfully passed. Freud explained that this resolution can take place when the boy finally represses his sexual desire for the mother, entering a period of latency, and internalizes the reproachful ruling out of the father, making it his own with the construction of that part of the psyche which   Freud labeled the superego or the conscience.If the conception of ethnicity is understood as the institution of relationship structures based on exogamy, then the Oedipal drama reveals the deeper resist between natural desire and cultural authority. Freud, conversely, always preserved the intra psychic significance of the Oedipus complex, whose thriving resolution is the prerequisite for the changeover through latency to the mature sexuality.   Freud observed that the parent of the opposite sex is irrefutably neglected in support of a more appropriate love object able to respond reproductively useful fervor. He detailed that sexual develop ment is upsetting maladjustments thwarting this upshot if the psychosexual stages are unsuccessfully passed. At any time, fixation of sexual objects can come about that is caused either by an actual disturbance or the obstruction of a dominant libidinal urge. If the fixation is permissible to put across itself straightforwardly at a later age, it results in distortion. Freud argued that if some part of the psyche forbids such overt expression then repressed and censored impulse produces neurotic symptoms, neuroses being conceptualized as the negative of perversions. Freud’s theory of the sexual origin of neurosis comes from the reality that he observed many of his patients suffered from hysteria and he diagnosed sexual repression to be the reason. Conformist Freudians acknowledge believing in the sexual origin of all neurosis, and since they look for unconscious sexual memories in their patients, and interpret what they hear into sexual symbols (Blunden, 1998).Perception of f emale sexuality is one of the most disparaged aspects of Freuds psychoanalytical theory. Sigmund Freud believed that sexual gratification was a fundamental need for both men and women. However, he wasn’t at all certain that women could grown-up to reach their sexual potential. Dr. Freud had a commanding pessimistic influence on the understanding of the sexual nature of women. Sigmund Freud theorized that men are being gradually thrashed for years over some imprudent annotations about female sexuality. Freud constantly affirmed his unawareness of female sexuality all through his work. Due to social factors, he disposed to look upon this ignorance as human being. He increasingly seemed it as arising from the psychology of women and the nature of femininity itself. In the beginning of 1905, he attributed the impenetrable obscurity surrounding female sexuality to a certain extent to the stunting effect of civilized conditions and partly to the conventional secretiveness and insin cerity of women.Later on, for explanation given that the nature of femininity is itself a puzzle, Freud agreed to a new prudence concerning the applicability of the oedipal model to the little girl. The theory of adult female sexuality proposed by Freud rests upon his concept of the Oedipus complex, which is basically that the boy regards his mother as his own property (Freud 1961, pg: 48). Freud observes this thought infringing up when the boy enters in   adolescent stage, because, as he writes the time has come for disintegration, just as the milk teeth fall out when the permanent ones begin to grow (Freud 1961, pg: 48). While Freuds theory caused quite a blend, it is a historic phenomenon, and man descends from lower creatures. It has to be considered that at the time when Freud developed his thoughts, he lived in the society (Viennese) where women were stringently the second sex and were well thought-out to be useful as wives and mothers. It meant females were considered as pr ogenitors of the family and nation.Even though he deeply premeditated the notion of a boys need his mother, but it is also a need to know that there laid within many women the need for sexual aggressiveness. Freud again emphasizes that women have a desire for physical sex but it is not necessary to give birth to baby. In some way, Freud gave contradictory statement that is he refers to the primacy of the phallus for both sexes, he warns that we can describe this state of things only as it affects the male child, the corresponding processes in the little girl are not known to us. Freud writings on female sexuality were developed in 1931 when Freud comes to the understanding of something that he had been incapable to see before that fact behind the womans entire sexual development was the little girls attachment to the pre-oedipal mother. After such observation, He appropriately eulogizes the research of women analysts and explains his lack of knowledge as a problem of counter-transfe rence. It is a truth that Freud never renounces his conviction in the importance of penis envy for female sexuality.   In Analysis Terminable and Interminable, he explains the suspicion that one has been preaching to the winds when one is trying to convince a woman to abandon her wish for a penis.   Later on, he also pressurizes the importance for female sexuality of an strong and enduring attachment to the pre oedipal mother an attachment that marks all succeeding love objects, including, most importantly, the attachment to the Oedipal father (Grigg, pg:7-8).Freud stated that sexual desires conflicts with one another, with social conventions, and most vitally, with reality. He scrutinized them as primary but by no means entirely fulfilled. According to Freud’s clearing up, we have much desire for what we do not have or what we feel we have lost, and these unfulfilled desires find expression in surprising, sometimes troubling ways. When Freud thought his theory of psychoa nalysis is valuable and he provide therapy to help frustrated women to understand their need for sexual recognition, and to realize that their sons have a ostensibly unnatural attachment to their mothers, he look into deeper into womens wishes. Even though Freud admitted his comparative unawareness about the desires of women, he contemplated that their sex drives helped form a distinctive female subjectivity. These assumptions aggravated lively disagreements among his followers and critics that are still continue today. In Freuds analysis, the little girl had to come to terms with her self-perception of being a botched boy.Many critics from Freuds times and today have comments that Freud seems superciliousness toward homosexuality. Freuds own theories created many qualms that women are often frightened that Oedipus complex that turns them at a very early age to an apparent need for sexual attention from their mothers and never to another woman. He observed that both young girls and boys have a need for their mothers, but girls seem to grow out of it more rapidly as compared to boys. On the contrary, Freud observed one upsetting growing-up observable fact which appears to persists into female adulthood. In the beginning, the boy childs penis and the girl childs clitoris are to some extent equal. It is only when girl makes a comparison with a playfellow of the other sex, she perceives that she has come off faultily and she examines this as a serious mistake done to her and she developed inferiority complex (Freud 1961, pg: 51). This feeling of inferiority, women faces till adult life. When this awareness crops up, women were considered inferior in many ways, and consequently the feelings of adult woman persevered.According to Freud’s exploration about female sexuality, when girls enter to the stage of adulthood, somehow the male castration complex turns into trepidation of the loss of love. In other way, it can be concluded that adult female sexuality is a searching for love and for some sort of equalization of her female genitalia with that of a male. She is entered rather than doing any entering, which makes her submissive and in need of a male sexual partner to make her feel imperative within the limits of her sexuality. Freud stated that man can gratify their sexual desire more willingly than women, but the woman in a passive position that pursues her throughout her life. She is left with two wishes to possess a penis and a child which prepares the female creature for her later sexual role (Freud 1961, pg: 52). According to Freud’s analysis, females have clear understanding that she will never have a penis, and that, without a dominant male, she can never achieve her second wish.Another adjustment observed in a womans nature that may arise in a marriage when she gives birth to first child. Under the pressure of a womans becoming a mother herself, recognition with her own mother may be invigorated, against which she had st ruggle up till the time of her marriage, and this may attract the entire available libido to itself. Her attitude as a mother in differentiating reaction to the birth of a son or a daughter represents that the old factor of lack of a penis has even now lost its potency. A mother is only brought limitless contentment by her relation to a son, this is overall the most ideal, the most free from ambivalence of all human relationships. Later on, many analysts of female sexuality have focused more consideration to the girls relations with the pre-Oedipal mother than to the vicissitudes of the Oedipus complex.The most important contribution of Freud’s psychoanalytic theories is perhaps the fact that it raised more study of the human mind, and the motivation behind an individual’s behavior, thus leading to more study and innovation of new ideas and theories. His work had a thoughtful influence on a female sexuality. Freud’s psychoanalysis was focused on general concept that is Oedipus complex. His observations were restricted to cultural concepts. His theory of sexuality was adapted by number of modern theorists which did not put more stress on sexuality that our society tackles in a very different from those of Viennease society in Freud’s day (Morgan 1981, pg: 527). Freuds account of female sexuality is critically weakened by the ideological hierarchies and asymmetries he inherited from his surroundings and scholarly environment. Freudian psychology, with its prominence on freedom from a repressive morality to achieve sexual realization, was part of the ideology of women’s liberation. Freud was a most insightful and precise observer of important problems of the human personality (Blunden, 1998).;